Deception and Betrayal in William Shakespeares Macbeth

Deception and Betrayal in William Shakespeares Macbeth The play ‘Macbeth† written by William Shakespeare† not only shows us how betrayal and deception undermines society but how it restores the moral law and society back to the way it was before the Thane of Cawdor and the tyrant Macbeth brought about the destruction in the first place. the play Macbeth also featured two changes to the throne of Scotland, both as a result of betrayal, deception, the aid of the weird sisters and the death of kings, the fate of Scotland changed for better and for worse. Deception and betrayal is apparent right from the beginning of the play where Duncan states that â€Å"No more that Thane of Cawdor shall deceive /†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, once the King had been killed and Macbeth had taken his place, Scotland fell into disrepute with Macbeth’s treason the reason that he had completely undermined society. Talk of Macbeth’s treachery and its impact on the society was followed after Banquo’s death, when Ross informed Macduff and Malcolm that â€Å"O nation miserable† and that â€Å"It cannot / Be call’d our mother†. The great deceit of Macbeth was illustrated as resulting in â€Å"sighs and groans and shrieks that rend the air† and Scotland was said to be â€Å"the dead man’s knell.† At this point in the play, the fear and common place of betrayal was in every characters’ mind and this was exemplified when Macduff’s son says that â€Å"there are / liars and swears enough to beat the honest men and / hang them up.† Although king, Macbeth still sought advice from the â€Å"weird sisters† in order to ascertain his future. On first meeting the ‘weird sisters’ Banquo warned Macbeth that â€Å"oftentimes, to win us to our harm, / The instruments of darkness tell us truths, / Win us with honest trifles, to betray us / In deepest consequence.† This deception and betrayal by the witches towardsShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Deception2997 Words   |  12 PagesTheme of Deception/Deceit in Macbeth Throughout Macbeth things are not always as they seem. Deception in the play is always present, with Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and the three witches being the chief instigators of deception. From the very first scene, the deception within Macbeth’s world is clearly defined. â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair†, say the witches at the beginning of Macbeth. This language of contradiction that Shakespeare uses adds to the play’s sense of moral confusion and quickly introducesRead More Comparing Deception, Trickery, and Concealment in Much Ado about Nothing and Macbeth2188 Words   |  9 PagesDeception, Trickery, and Concealment in Much Ado about Nothing and Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeares classic romantic comedy, Much Ado about Nothing and tragic history, Macbeth revolve around the theme of deception, trickery, and concealment. There are portrayals within these two plays that depict deception and trickery as merely harmless and even beneficial. In some cases the characters are thoroughly masked in their lies; for ill or well, they are hiding who they truly are. 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Instead of knowing the reality of a situation, people’s thoughts are sometimes shifted to see only what they appear, leaving them blindsided to the real truth behind whats really going on. Appearance versus Reality is first seen when king Duncan misjudges Macbeth’s intentions and is blindsided toRead MoreMacbeth and Lady Macbeths Character1976 Words   |  8 PagesThe play ‘Macbeth’ was believed by scholars to have been written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1603 and 1606. Shakespeare’s date of birth is unknown but he was baptised on 26th April 1564 and died on 23rd April 1616, aged 52. He was an English poet and playwright with 38 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 long narrative poems, and several other poems which all consist of his surviving works. His plays have been translated into every major language and are performed more than any other playwrights aroundRead MoreHuman Weakness in Macbeth and Othello2915 Words   |  12 PagesMacbeth is one of the best known plays written by Shakespeare in the 17th century, Jacobean period. It was the period where the belief in supernatural was greatly held and king James I himself, the author of Divi ne rights of king adhered in witchcraft and openly practiced the idea of kings being God’s representatives on earth, so to even complain about them was a sin. The tragic hero, brave and valiant Macbeth had all the required characteristics of the ideal Scottish soldier; valorous and gallant

Interpersonal Speech Free Essays

My Emotions and I, Emotions, at times I can not help feel that they can be caused by others. On the surface, if you witness a person’s reaction to a message received from another person, depending on the content of the message it can incite feelings of happiness or sadness causing one to believe what they just witnessed was a form of cause and affect.However, I believe this is not true because ones reaction to a message may be influenced by the content of it, but the emotions displayed because of the message comes from ones own personal self Emotions are labels we use to describe our feelings and the physiological, non-verbal, cognitive and verbal expression components of emotions help solidify the approach that we cause our own feelings by interpreting an event in one way or another (J. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whitton, personal communications, March 24, 2010).The physiological factors of emotions support the previous statement, sweating, nausea and an accelerated heart beat are factors that can only be determined by the person who is experiencing the actuating event. The biological portion of the self-concept that shapes ones personality plays a role in determining these factors coming into play (Alder Proctor, 2009). A promotion is given to both an extroverted and introverted persons, both of them feel the same adrenaline rush and the emotion of joy is felt, but this affects each of them differently.The extroverted person will feel joy and his body might respond by an increase in blood pressure caused by excitement, because of his personality, this will allow him to gravitate towards a more social celebration where hugging and chatting with fellow co-workers about the promotion takes place. However, the introverted person will feel joy and have the same increase in blood pressure, but this time it is caused by nervousness, resulting in the likelihood that person will shy away from any congratulatory situations.Everyone has their own personality and how we emotional respond to a message will depend on how we feel physiologically, which is uniqu e to individuals. These emotions can be seen physically through body language, gestures, voice deflection and appearance (Alder Proctor, 2009). The two people who received the promotions may have a smile on their face because of their accomplishment, blushing caused by a bit of feeling embarrassed and maybe more of an erect posture with their head held up high because of pride. These nonverbal reactions helps display ones’ emotions, communicating to others their feelings, but if a person not smiling after receiving a promotion does not mean they are unhappy they just may not want to. The reason for not smiling can be that person feels ill or is shy, not because they are not happy about the promotion. This opposite reaction of the norm can cause an emotional state were the person’s body will actually start to feel unhappy (Alder Proctor, 2009).The nonverbal and physical reactions need to be appropriate with the context, other wise a miscommunication might occur. Cognitive interpretation assigns a meaning to emotions, and depending on the context, the same emotions can have different meanings (Alder Proctor, 2009). The one individual who just received a promotion is feeling ecstatic and is running around like a small child on Christmas expressing joy in a loud verbal manner, notices others are leaving the area of celebration.So now that emotio n of joy which started out as a happy one turns into a sad one because the person doing the celebrating reacted to the situation of people leaving, feeling he scared everyone away by making them feel uncomfortable, but in reality it was the end of the day and they wanted to go home. Verbally expressing ones emotions can distinguish the level and intensity of these emotions, by doing so it allows others to understand exactly how a person is feeling (Alder Proctor, 2009).The ecstatic individual who is celebrating his promotion tells everyone he is ecstatic about it, but uses the same word â€Å"ecstatic† to describe how he is doing everyday will not allow people to receive his true emotions about certain situation. They can not judge his level of happiness causing them to maybe feel he really does not appreciate his promotion because his base of happiness is a higher intensity emotion reserved for extreme happiness, which he uses on a day to day basis. To verbally express ones emotions correctly will allow the acknowledgement of these true feelings which can be shared or not (Alder Proctor, 2009).When one interprets an event which influences their emotions through different reactions physically and mentally these emotions are brought forward only by the person who is experiencing this event. It is the person’s own interpretation and experiences that will dictate how and what kind of emotions will be displayed and transmitted, and as long as these reactions to actuating events are rational and without fallacies, control of genuine emotions will be maintained and the right to feel these emotions will be preserved.Conveying a message to another person where it may cause them to feel happy or sad would depend on the context, impact it will have and what may be at stake (J. Whitton, personal communications, March 24, 2010). The amount of responsibility will depend on these factors. Questions need to be asked and answered before a message is communicated resulting in the receiver feeling happy or sad. Is it my place to be the communicator of such message, if it is not my place to do so it might evoke a feeling of sadness even though the message is a happy one.Will this message bring a resolution to the situation, make it worse or have no effect, and what actually might be at stake with the conclusion of the communication, will it end a relationship, get me fired, or jeopardize my health? These questions should be addressed before communicating messages that would make another person feel happy or sad. Then the degree of responsibility will be clear, allowing you to convey that message or not. The day I knew I wanted to marry my wife Allison; I assumed the responsibility to inform her parents of such intentions. The message resulted in their feelings of joy and I received their blessings to propose to Allison. This message could have had an opposite reaction if I did not communicate this message to them before I proposed, which might have a negative impact on my relationship with her parents and possibly make it go from good to bad. This could have also affected my relationship with Allison and may have had a direct impact on my future. I recall one time when I had to be a bearer of bad news which caused sadness to the people receiving the message, but it was my responsibility even though I felt uncomfortable about it, but it needed to be done.Early in my military career I became friends with a guy named Jason â€Å"Pepsi† McCully, we went through boot camp, school and ended up in the same unit together. We both made a pact to inform each others family if something would have happen to one of us. Unfortunately Pepsi died from injuries he sustained from a motor vehicle accident on his way back to base. With this news and my promise to my friend, I called his family in Kentucky to tell them of the accident and my friend’s fate, knowing this message would bring sadness to them, it was message that needed to be said, along with making sure it got to the right destination.In both situations I knew what would be at stake and the type of impact these messages would bring and my role in presenting them. Although both messages brought different reactions to each receiver, the questions that needed to asked before the messages were communicated I had asked and answered intrapersonal to ensure it was the right context and my responsibility to do so (J. Whitton, personal communications, March 24, 2010). These messages could not have been communicated with their true meaning unless I had my emotions in place to help me express the importance of each message.When I heard the news of my friend’s death I was angry and could have easily allowed this to become a debilitative emotion to be it would have influenced the communication with Pepsi’s family possibly impacting them negatively and causing their own debilitative emotion. Instead I chose to use this emotion to help me facilitate better communication with his family and influence their emotional reaction which helped them express and except their true emotions of the activating event (Alder Proctor, 2009). I can acknowledge the genuine emotion that is being felt within myself by being able to recognize and monitor my emotional reactions of an activating event, along with self-talk to check any fallacies to help me displace any irrational thoughts and beliefs ensuring I do not over react and say something that might hinder the true message. By setting these foundations I was able to resolve the situations with a positive impact and help strengthen my relationships with those receiving the messages by sharing these honest mixed emotions (J.Whitton, personal communications, March 24, 2010). The knowledge I gained about emotions and how they reflect on my ability to communicate effectively is truly eye opening. Knowing that I am the only one that can make my emotions come to the surface and how they affect my body and physically and mentally, is really amazing, who knew anger and joy will make my heart race and the different levels of intensity of each emotion can be described with a bette r vocabulary (J.Whitton, personal communications, March 24, 2010). Being able to express myself using the right word(s) to describe what I really am feeling will help me extend myself in a truer light for others to see, so my communications with them will have a more precise and clearer meaning. I will engage in communications with more confidence knowing I can not truly make someone feel one way or the other, but may influence them to feel a certain way with y true and honest emotions. Knowing how to channel and recognize facilitative and debilitative emotions will allow me to react appropriately to situations with more defined emotions increasing my sensibility and accuracy in communication (Alder Proctor, 2009). Going forward I will practice these concepts and utilize them in my future interpersonal communications so I can develop my skills in communications so I can become a better and effective communicator.The meaning of a message can only be interpreted and labeled by the one receiving it, this person will control the amount of meaning and intensity applied to it, determining which emotions will be brought forward to acknowledge and react to the communication.Reference Adler, R. , Proctor, R. Looking Out, Looking In (12th ed. ). Belmont, Ca: Thomson Wadsworth. How to cite Interpersonal Speech, Papers

Discussion on Psychoanalytic Theory-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Psychoanaysis. Answer: Psychoanaysis Another type of treatment deriving from one of the appraised forefathers of psychology, Sigmund Freud, could be identified as the Psychoanalytic Theory. It is understood that the objective of the theory is to scrutinize the capability of how the unconscious mind could impact notions and conduct while including the focus of obtaining insights and resolutions to the clients pursuing therapy (Berger, 2016). Incidentally, the methodology taken in this theory differs by how it refers to the client's past experiences, also in addition to the events of their early childhood that might be instrumental in the current events. In comparison to the numerous other wide ranges of therapies available, psychoanalytic theory aims to achieve immutable progression in the characteristics or qualities that formulate an individual's character coupled with the prospering of emotional stability. Psychoanalysis's system of psychotherapy involves multitudes of elements such as free association, dream interpre tation, and analysis of transference to scrutinize repressed or unconscious impulses (Mitchell Black, 2016). Early stage one In this case, how psychoanalytic theory aim to achieve beneficial success for the client, Peter, who's currently facing interpersonal conflict at work and home, would be about bringing both relief and a long-term personality alteration by extricating unconsciously infused psychic energy and bringing it into consciousness (Grove 2011). In the early phase of the therapeutic process would be prompting the therapist to form an alliance with Peter, however, eliciting trust and faith from a client would be essentially more challenging in psychoanalysis than other methodologies of psychotherapy. However, during this phase, it is crucial that therapists must in the great effort ensure avoiding exposure of any little features of their own personalities, as this would impact and revoke the therapist's functionality as a "blank screen". In the illustration, it would cause uncertainty in the analysis of the client, entangling the possibility that the behavior could have been instead derived from the response of the therapist's behavior rather than transference issued from the unconscious mind. Therefore, it is important that the method used must be upheld consistently to attain achievable results (Elliott, 2015). Once the alliance has been established, irrespective of how minor or the lack of importance the topic might seem to the client to surface, Peter would instead be encouraged to speak of anything that comes to mind. Subsequently, the free association that's intended by Freud for the clients to experience, will have already resulted in the release of cathartic in libidinal energy along with being aflame with the emotions from the discharge. In addition, notwithstanding will the client be able to progress to the next phase of countertransference and resistance, but the alliance will also have been strengthened (Ellmann, 2014). Middle stage Analysis resistance It was concluded that the closer the therapist were to moving forward with the treatment uncovering the issue relevant to their pathology, clients would naturally formulate a barrier. Freud, called this the resistance, in which means the greater the barrier concocted, the closer it was for the therapist being able to uncover the source of the client's neurosis. Transference is a methodology that is apprehended that the client's feelings that are being expressed towards the present therapist through a false connection, where emotions transposed from an earlier day in their past for a significant figure. One should duly note that in our development, we create an internal representation of those who have had great significance in our lives. Tertiary stage Analyzing the transference According to Freud, the sentiments of love for or outrage at the investigator were in reality feelings exchanged from a huge figure from early life to the present-day adviser. We make inward portrayals of individuals who have assumed vital parts in our improvement. These portrayals are alluded to as items. Freud saw all mental or passionate vitality as limited if a bit of it is joined to a protest from the past; less will be accessible to the analyzing in his or her present-day life. Considering the Freud's approach we can connect his idea with Peter situation in that, the feeling of love and affection that he may have developed while he was young, may have carried away up to now when he is at the age of 40s. He may have met lots of situation and environments at his early ages that entail lots of conflicts. Each person has procured, by the consolidated operation of natural demeanor and of outer impacts in youth, an uncommon independence in the activity of his ability to lovethat is, in the conditions which he sets up for adoring, in the driving forces he delights by it, and in the points he embarks to accomplish in it. This structures a buzzword or generalization in him, in a manner of speaking (or even a few), which neverendingly rehashes and recreates itself as life goes ahead, in so far as outer conditions and the idea of the available love-objects allow, and is for sure itself to some degree modifiable by later impressions. The late stages of psychoanalysis Translation, or the expert's clarifications of the patient's feelings and conduct, can happen at any phase of therapy, yet standard understanding must hold up until a strong restorative Cooperation has been framed and the specialist has gotten comfortable with the patient's identity also significant oblivious clashes. The implications of dreams, Para praxes, resistance, and transference responses are among the subjects that psychoanalytic specialists talk about with their patients. The objective of translation is to furnish the customer with knowledge, characterized as a scholarly and passionate comprehension of the oblivious determinants of one's conduct; and afterward to work through these oblivious issues to fortify the self-image, slacken the limitations Forced by the superego, and increase better control over the id. Now taking into consideration situation, basing on Freud's theory, we can relate this in this way, the psychoanalytic specialist handling Peters situation should use this stage in the entire process as the last procedure while treating Peter. As discussed above, the specialist has already identified what is making Peter uncomfortable and therefore should aim at knowing the implications of the disturbance, the dreams, the Para praxes, and the conflict he is undergoing and of most important is to advise him on the best measures that he should undertake. It is important to supply the patient with enthusiastic understanding into and a chance to work through his or her issues by tending to the transference responses happening in the treatment sessions (Johnstone Shanks, 2001). Critiques of psychoanalysis The most well-known critique of Freud's hypotheses is that they are neither logical nor expressed in such a path, to the point that they can be tried observation. Some of these faultfinders have even compared analysis to a religion or mystery society in which just individuals or startsfor this situation, scientists who have themselves been broke downare met all requirements to judge it, and that having confidence in its certainties is a typical beginning point for the individuals who wish to ponder it (Summers 2014). Is psychoanalysis a theory? The analyst Hans Eysenck and the savant Karl Popper have both tested the idea that therapy meets the criteria of a science. Popper contended that for the Freudian hypothesis to qualify as a science, it ought to be open to tests built by others. Science can't be founded on conviction or individual rationality yet should be founded on proving that others can endeavor to exclude (Schuld 2009). Popper trusts that the forecasts made by analysis are not forecasts of unmistakable conduct but rather of inconspicuous mental states. This reference to covered up states makes them untestable, to Popper's mindset. For instance, Popper proposes that just when a few people are not psychotic is it conceivable to tentatively decide whether planned patients are at present masochist. He goes ahead to call attention to that since therapy holds that each individual is the hypochondriac to some degree, it is difficult to outline an analysis that would exhibit the difference amongst psychotic and non-masoc hist individuals (Bleger 2012). Other modalities challenging this approach Through the span of the most recent couple of decades, the pattern in brain science has to a great extent moved from a behavioral worldview to one of psychological data handling. Inside this worldview, scientists have advanced toward both an acknowledgment and another comprehension of non-conscious considering (Pintar Lynn, 2006). No conscious handling has been appeared to assume a part in such parts of our being as feelings, recognition, and attribution of significance and learning (Litman Reber, 2005). Investigating the improvement of this work will encourage comprehension of how later research and thinking stand as opposed to Freud's models. UlricNeisser an educator who distributed the primary contents on intellectual brain research in 1976, begat the term pre attentive procedures to depict those mental capacities that happen without the subject's consideration. The Strop impact, a shading word errand, is a great case of this wonder. John R. Strop a clinician in Tennessee, depicted the impact that bears his name in his doctoral thesis, finished in 1935. Strop noticed that when people are made a request to name the shades of the words in a graph like the one in Figure 5.1, they would frequently read the word itself as opposed to naming the shade of its letters. Therapists for the most part trust that the preparing of lexical (word-related) data ends up plainly programmed and are attentive as in it has stopped to require consideration. Conversely, the naming of the shades of words is abnormal, making it effortful and requesting mental handling regarding the latter's part. More as of late, the term pre attentive has to a great extent been dropped for terms like nonconscious or programmed to portray mental exercises that require next to zero attention to finish (Wright, 2013). Conclusion Individuals can unconsciously take in the connections or standards of complex occasions that they experience in day by day life. To give proof of verifiable learning understood learning assumes a pivotal part in such essential human capacities as dialect securing and the advancement of social and engineering skills. Moreover, individuals confront a consistent torrent of data through each of the five detects that far surpasses the limit of cognizance Verifiable learning assumes a significant part in such fundamental human capacities as dialect obtaining and the advancement of social and engine aptitudes. Cognizant or unequivocal learning is a capacity that people procured generally late in their transformative history. Interestingly, certain realizing, which happens without awareness, is believed to be a Phylogenetic ally more seasoned type of discovering that works in living beings that have no mindfulness. References Berger, L. S. (2016). Psychoanalytic Theory and Clinical Relevance: What Makes a Theory Consequential for Practice?. Routledge. Bleger, J. (2012). Theory and practice in psychoanalysis: psychoanalytic praxis1.International Journal of Psychoanalysis,93(4), 993. Elliott, A. (2015).Psychoanalytic theory: An introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Ellmann, M. (2014).Psychoanalytic literary criticism. Routledge. Grove, D. L. (2011).Reconceptualizing depression at midlife: The role of adult learning and counseling(Doctoral dissertation, University of Calgary). Johnstone, T., Shanks, D. R. (2001). Abstractionist and processing accounts of implicit learning.Cognitive psychology,42(1), 61-112. Litman, L., Reber, A. S. (2005). Implicit cognition and thought.The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning, 431-453. Mitchell, S. A., Black, M. (2016).Freud and beyond: A history of modern psychoanalytic thought. Basic Books. Pintar, J., Lynn, S. J. (2006). Social incoherence and the narrative construction of memory.Behavioral and Brain Sciences,29(5), 529-529. Schuld, D. (2009).Nothing to look at: Art as situation and its neuropsychological implications. The University of Chicago. Summers, F. (2014).Object relations theories and psychopathology: A comprehensive text. Routledge. Wright, E. (2013).Psychoanalytic criticism. Routledge.